EXPLOSION PROOF MOTOR, 230V 50 HZ_1215826
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EXPLOSION PROOF MOTOR, 230V 50 HZ

explosion-proof-motor-230v-50-hz_1215826_22
Overview
Overview

Parr shaker type hydrogenators provide compact and easily operated systems for treating chemicals with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at pressures up to 5 atmospheres (60 psig) and temperatures to 80°C. They are used primarily for synthesizing or modifying organic compounds by catalytic hydrogenation, reduction or condensation, but they are equally suitable for any other laboratory procedure in which a liquid and gas must be mixed vigorously in a glass reactor at pressures up to 5 atm.
<>Features

Materials to be treated in a Parr hydrogenator are sealed in a reaction bottle with a catalyst and connected to a hydrogen reservoir. Air is removed either by evacuating the bottle or by flushing with hydrogen. Pressure is then applied from the reservoir and the bottle is shaken vigorously to initiate the reaction. The bottle can be heated or cooled during this process, if necessary. After the reaction reaches the desired point, the shaker is stopped, the bottle vented and the product and catalyst are recovered.

Progress of the reaction can be followed by observing the pressure drop in the system. For example, when using a 250 mL charge in a 500 mL bottle and drawing hydrogen from the standard 4-liter tank, the tank pressure will drop approximately 8 psi for each one-tenth mole of hydrogen consumed. The exact relationship between the pressure drop and the amount of hydrogen consumed can be determined by making a calibration run using a weighed amount of a compound whose hydrogen acceptance is known.

Benefits

Convenient Valves and Fittings
Each apparatus is equipped with all necessary valves and fittings for admitting hydrogen to the bottle, for evacuating the bottle and for filling the hydrogen tank-all without disturbing the bottle connection. Separate gages show the bottle pressure and the tank pressure at all times. The four-liter gas tank, bottle holder and a sturdy shaker mechanism are arranged in a compact assembly on a steel base for convenient operation on a laboratory bench or in a hood.

The gas connection from the hydrogen tank to the reaction bottle is made with polypropylene tubing that extends directly into the bottle so that no metal parts come in contact with the charge. The tank itself, its valves and pressure gages are made of brass or bronze. These parts are well suited for use with hydrogen, but they must be replaced with a stainless steel tank and stainless valves if ammonia or other corrosive gases are to be used in the system. All of these valves have stainless stems, PTFE packing and replaceable Kel-F seats to ensure positive, leak-proof control in quantitative procedures. A smaller, one-liter brass tank is available for semimicro operations in which small amounts of gas must be measured. The regular valves are easily transferred to this smaller tank.

A 6-ft pressure hose is furnished with each apparatus for filling the hydrogen tank from a commercial gas cylinder. This can be attached easily to any gas pressure regulator or tank valve system.

Safety Considerations
Parr shaker type hydrogenators are usually operated in an open laboratory without additional barricades or protective screens, but the operator must realize that additional protection may be necessary if there is any possibility that a reaction may run out of control, or if unexpected bottle breakage would produce a hazardous spill of toxic or flammable materials. Potentially explosive reactions are best handled with the apparatus located behind a suitable barricade or in a pressure test cell.

There must be no gas burners or open flames near a hydrogenation apparatus. The room must be well ventilated and any gas released from the apparatus should be discharged into an explosion proof hood or ventilating duct. Care must also be taken to prevent ignition by a static charge from an insulated object.

The hazards involved in performing pressure reactions in glass bottles is minimized in these reactors by using carefully selected and pressure tested bottles within steel shielding. In spite of these precautions, a bottle will sometimes break below its rated pressure. The user must be constantly aware of this hazard and take whatever additional precautions he considers necessary to protect himself and others from injury in case a bottle should unexpectedly fail.

All catalysts must be handled cautiously because of their highly reactive nature. Although virgin metal catalysts are generally safe themselves, care must be taken when they are brought into contact with organic liquids or combustible vapors in the presence of oxygen because of their ability to promote rapid oxidation. Any catalyst that has been exposed to hydrogen is also potentially hazardous and may ignite spontaneously as it dries. For this reason, used catalysts must always be kept wetted and out of contact with combustible vapors or solids.

Applications

The broad usefulness of this apparatus is best illustrated by the numerous references to it in chemical literature published during the past fifty years. Applications arise wherever low pressure catalytic reactions are used, as in the fields of teaching, research, product development and in the production of fine organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In addition, these reactors are frequently used in quantitative investigations to assay compounds containing hydrogensaturable double bonds and to test the activity of catalysts used in industrial processing.

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